John UM
Hello everyone, 2018 will soon be over, this year’s drama will soon end, and the New Year’s animation list is already in front of everyone, I wonder if there is any love of everyone’s heart?
No matter what type of animation you like, all we need to know is that these animations don’t appear out of thin air, but only through a series of meticulous procedures and streamlined production. Today, I will tell you about how the animations we see every day in Japan are made
Step 1: Planning.
As we all know, there are almost three sources of animation we watch every day: original, novel adaptation, comic adaptation. To turn these other forms of work into animation, the first step is to have a detailed plan
‘Planning’ is divided into two categories
The first is that in the planning meeting of each year, the owner of the animation company or the producer who has a little voice sees a very interesting and famous cartoon or novel, and feels that making an animation should be quite profitable. So I called the agent who was in the comic book or novel, and asked if the right to make an animation had been sold. If not, I started to negotiate the right to “sometimes long, sometimes short, sometimes painful, sometimes happy.”.
This category corresponds to light and diffuse animations. The typical example is “Sword Art Online”, and two new stock markets that are about to appear in front of us, “We Can’t Learn Together” and “Five The flower of the marriage
The second is that the supervising or animators under the animation company feel that they are tempted to paint without thinking about the results of daydreaming. It should be quite interesting to start writing the planning book and hand it to the boss. Over the eyes. Fortunately, if the plan is passed, the boss or producer will go around and find the gold master… Ah, no, the sponsors come together to respond to the great plan
This category is quite rare original animation, a typical example is Jingani’s “Yuzi Market”
Step 2: Pull sponsorship.
You know, animation companies basically don’t have the money to make animations independently, so no matter how amazing the idea is inside the company, they still need to take them out to the sponsors to see if they have them. Interest in investment
If the animation company can convince the sponsor when the two parties meet, the plan can proceed to the next stage; if the sponsor is not interested in the new work plan proposed by the animation company or thinks that the product has no market value, then 100% of the plan will not see the day again
Compared to original animations, it is usually easier to pass the sponsor’s level of animations. Because the original works basically have a fixed customer base, the sponsors are more psychologically and willing to invest, and profit by selling a variety of related products
After all, it is impossible to sustain the power generation for love. With the participation of capital, this market can be a virtuous cycle
The third step: determine the funding.
Although there are sponsors involved, this does not mean that money can be squandered. After all, every child must be able to see results and benefits
So before the official start of production, the animation company will first make a ‘strict’ budget for the project, so that the sponsor can judge in advance whether the plan can make money and how much money it can make
Generally speaking, the specific process is like this:
Suppose a film company estimates that BD for an animated work can be sold for 1,000 sets, and then assumes that a DVD sells for 4,000 yen.
1000 x 4000 = 4,000,000, then count some other small toys around, and leave enough profit margin for yourself, the general funding range can be determined
It seems that the calculation of funds seems to be very simple, but in reality there is always a difference between reality and ideal. How many sets of animation works can be sold is composed of many factors, how to estimate the exact number of burns, then It depends on the sales experience of the producer, the popularity of the animation director, the charm of the character designer and the popularity of the seiyuu
(As we all know, there is a lot of light novels that buy illustrations to send toilet paper, which is more reasonable in terms of animation, otherwise. The wall of famous works. will not appear!)
Step 4: Determine the script.
The so-called script is an animated script, which can be said to be the most important part of an animation’s success
And the script may have been completed at the project stage, and it should be passed to all directions to draw sponsorship and win support. But that doesn’t mean that the script doesn’t need to be fixed after everything is ready
The story in the animation will be presented in front of us, or the opinions of the producer and the director
Responsible for the success or failure of an animation work is a producer. His role is the same as that in the film, which is to decide the direction of the whole work
Therefore, if the producer has an opinion on the script, the script writer will modify the script. If the director has an opinion on the script and the producer agrees with the director’s opinion, the modification of the script is also inevitable. Or, although the director disagrees with the preliminary script and the producer does not think it necessary to modify it, the script will not be modified
Famous producers have a very good position in the industry. They have brought us many excellent works. Compared with Shi Yangzhi, the “Tianyuan Breakthrough” that broke through the sky was completed under his supervision
Drill is the romance of men!
In terms of script writers, there are no exclusive script writers in general animation companies, and most of them are freelance writers to write. The reason for not hiring a dedicated writer is that the script is not the department that is needed all year round, so just sign the project contract with the script writer when you need it. However, there are still a few traditional scripting companies in the traditional animation production company with a long history
Step 5: Design character modeling.
As we all know, in the second dimension, especially in the face of the face, good character design can grasp the hearts of the audience at the beginning, let them willingly pull out the banknotes in the wallet. So a good character design is indispensable
When the original comics were adapted into animations, because the characters and costumes have been finalized, there is no need to add more designs. But the original animation character design needs more creativity
Because the design of the original character is only the words and director’s verbal instructions when it is handed over to the designer, so the designer can only rely on the ability of the script and his own drawing to design the charm of the story and make it Impressive characters. Therefore, even a senior stylist may take awhile to finalize
The famous stylist has Yu Gong Qing Tai, his works mainly include “Kamen Rider”, “Women ~ Cry Dragon ~”.
After the characters are designed, the director and the stylist must work with the color designer to finalize the color of the character (hair, color of the occasional clothes or robotic shell, etc.). The color design must match the color of the entire work (background and individuality of the work) to design the color of the character
When I was not using a computer to color it, I used watercolor paint to paint on a white paper. Since the type of color was already specified by the pigment company before the color design process, the color designer was also the color designator many years ago. And the colors of many animations look the same
Step 6: The original painting of the mirror.
After the rough spectrogram and all the character designs and backgrounds are in place, someone must put all the materials together to draw a magnified detailed spectrogram for subsequent actions, and the composition is performed by the composition staff
The sketch at the beginning is often just a sketch of a picture. For example, in a shot, ‘a and b stand in the sports meeting place’, the composition staff must follow the general instructions of each frame of the split mirror. The character shape table and the characters and the background draw a detailed positional relationship magnified view (mostly A4 large)
After the completion of the composition and character design table will be handed over to the original painters, please ask them to start drawing a more detailed master mirror picture. Good original artist and original painting guide must have some research on the photography lens to draw well. Each mirror is the main mirror
And there is the existence of the original painting guide on the original artist, mainly because most of the works employ 2 to 4 original artists (more or less depending on the work). The characters drawn by each original artist may be different according to the style of the individual (or the depth of the painting). Correcting the original paintings drawn by the original painters and unifying the style of painting to make them loyal to the character design is the work of the original painting guide
There are many famous original painters. For example, Utsunomiya is the pioneer of the original picture of the timeline, such as the battle scene between Bart and the robot in Ghost in the Shell 2 Innocent
Works.
Step 7: Frame Screen.
The next job is to hand it over to the migrant workers in the animation industry. The animator has done it
After the main artist has finished painting the main mirror, he has to hand it over to the animator to clear the lines and the movements in the middle of the painting. The final movement of the draft must be checked by the animator before the movement is correct. Coloring
The grid animation is simple and complicated. For example, simple mouth movements or eye movements. Most of the newcomers who have just entered the animation company only have simple grids such as paintings (exercise) and clean up the original paintings drawn by the original artist. After that, it will be sent to draw a more complicated picture of the whole body, and it will take another one to two years to become the original artist after sending a complicated division
And Japanese animators are now living in dire straits. According to nhk TV interviews, newcomers still live a cruel life of shrinking and dieting, sometimes spending 5 hours painting a picture, but You can only receive 200 yen (about RMB 12)! In this kind of income situation, eating even every day becomes a problem. It is very difficult to think of not starving.
Expressions are like this.
Step 8: Make special effects.
Special effects are generally divided into background effects and photography effects, as well as some special effects added by computer software, in different ways
The first background effect refers to the natural phenomenon of smoke, fog, flame, etc. drawn directly on the background. The way of performance is assigned to the art design company for drawing work in advance in the spectrogram
The second and third steps have two steps. The first step is that the original painters draw the parts that need special effects in the main mirror. The second step is to use the computer software in the parts designated by the original artist after coloring. Special effects or use of photography techniques in the subsequent photography phase
The most typical example of this part is “Craz karas”. In order to achieve perfect results, it has directly spent too much money on special effects production, and directly bankrupt the company
God made!
Step 9: Splicing.
To make the finished film into the standard time image we saw on TV, we need the editor to complete this step. All the editing materials are handed over to the film and television production company by the production manager or other methods in advance, and the production manager and the director, the assistant director and the film and television production company will make the editing work after the editing time
In the editing room, the secondary guide (the person who draws the mirror) looks at the mirror to give instructions to the splicer. Such as: ‘the lens time is cut short a little’, ‘this lens is stretched a little’, ‘this lens seems to be not suitable here. Let’s try it in front of it. Repeated viewing and replacement of the trimming of the original work of the adjustment lens often takes several hours
Basically, the splicing step should be finalized no matter how much time it takes. The reason is that if the original version of the film is constantly shortened and corrected, the recording or dubbing should be re-recorded many times, not only taking time, but also spending money!
And the importance of editing is not to be said, and the numerous ‘director’s cuts’ launched in the film are the best evidence
Step 10: Dubbing and seiyuu.
Most ordinary people pay attention to this step. A good seiyuu can make a work a high level of life, and even become a symbol of a certain kind of work. For example, we will know this when we hear the nail palace sound. What properties will the animated character be
The dubbing is divided into three parts: character dubbing, music and sound effects. Most of this part is assigned to the sound department (such as composer, seiyuu, sound effect producer) for music production by the audio guide designated by the producer and the director at the beginning of the work
The assignment of roles is determined by the director, audio director and sponsor. Deciding on seiyuu and assigning a character is not an easy task. After all, Japan has a lot of seiyuu, so it is not easy to pick the ideal candidate in the seiyuu group. In Japan, seiyuu has a certain market influence, and seiyuu fans will buy works by their favorite seiyuu, so they are sometimes chosen by sponsors
After deciding the candidate, assign the script to the seiyuu who plays each role and arrange the time to record. The recordings were recorded by the producer, production manager, director, audio director and assistant director in the studio. Because of their experienced experience and mature acting skills, experienced seiyuu can make an official recording of OK once. Of course, a seiyuu with less mature acting skills may have to audition many times to record the effect of the director
However, sometimes it is for. Save money. For the time being, when recording, I can’t wait for the seiyuu to say a few words, so the seiyuu like Yinsang is very unpopular
Team leader!
In addition to the excellent acting skills of the animated characters’ dubbing staff, sound effects and theme music are another cause for people to watch
Most of the background music is made by a professional composer. The scale of music production is budget-based. On a large scale, it is possible to go to famous musicians and symphony orchestras to play theme songs. Small-scale ones can be as small as one person to complete with computer mixing
Composing lyricists doesn’t just make animated music, she/she usually makes animation music from other music circles. Since another important income of animation is the sale of original CDs, for example, popular pop singers can sing the theme songs to attract fans. The group of record companies composed of record companies for super-large animation works can bring the activities of various sales activities. Points, super-popular voice singer can attract a certain customer base… and so many sales factors make the animation music have some pressure
The most famous composer is naturally Sawano Hiroki. His imposing music adds countless colors to many animations, and even a few of them are bright spots
The eleventh step: preview, promotion, sales.
(1) Preview.
When making a theatrical animation, the first screening will be performed in the audio-visual room of each film production company after the audio-video synthesis. In addition to the final homework error check on the big screen, there are also people in the relevant industry who are watching the film to facilitate the promotion. If the first impression is found, the place that is not ideal will be returned to the production center. Retake
In fact, because the work time is quite compact, the large-scale retake work is mostly performed after the DVD is played (below the movie) and before the DVD is released. OVA works are not available on TV or on the big screen, as long as they can catch up with the shipping limit
(So some of the terrible works on the TV will be fined in bd.)
The most famous is the amendment of “Original Book”:
This is a redraw!
(2) Publicity.
Animation works from the planning to the launch through the communication (advertising) company’s packaging and marketing to meet the public. The production of a 26-minute animation requires tens of millions of Japanese yen for production. The film production fee is based on 8-digit Japanese currency. Therefore, when it comes to fundraising TV or movie animation production, it is the film and television communication. The planning of a company or an animation company is difficult to produce independently without the help of a sponsor
Most of the sponsors involved in the animation production business are the publishing industry, TV station or film and television industry giants familiar with the animation industry, and sometimes the financial community will join. Although the initial investment cost is huge, if the sales of related products (TV ratings = advertising revenue, DVD, CD, toys, etc.) are smooth, the recovery rate is several times the production cost
Therefore propaganda is indispensable and must attract the masses to buy their products.There are many ways to promote
, the original or original animation will be announced through the website of the film and television broadcasting company, the animation production company and various animation related miscellaneous after deciding to make the production (financing the funds and preparing the production staff). The first step
As for the movie version, the animation works that can enter the long film have become quite famous. Each animation magazine sometimes takes the initiative or cooperates with the broadcast company’s propaganda to write special episodes (such as visiting directors, producers, people or machinery). The stylist, seiyuu, and other major production staff) to enhance the desire to purchase the inherently loyal audience
The TV series will also be pre-announced in various media at the beginning to attract the attention of the audience. In the middle of the production, no matter the communication company of any type of animation works, posters will be displayed in various large-scale events, and promotional videos will be produced. Please ask the production staff to come to the stage or ask the beautiful girl group to make an animation spokesperson beforehand
In the post-production promotion, in addition to the usual TV and other media advertisements, the pre-release DVD of sometimes related animation products (stickers, T-shirts, etc.) will be sold beforehand
But propaganda is also mutual, and the rise of the Holy Land is now typical
Your name.
(3) Sales.
Speaking of sales, the TV series broadcasts DVDs for the last one or two decades. The only animation playing media in the early days was TV or cinema, magazine news and TV (11 o’clock has been counted late at night) is the main media for children to see cartoons, of course, the content of the animation is also limited
In the 1980s, the emergence of VHS (Home Video System) opened up the OVA series animation market and changed the animation viewing habits. The OVA golden period from the 1980s to the mid-1990s was established without the use of TV broadcasts to sell VHS directly
Videotape.
In addition, due to the appearance of the home video recorder, the TV-like model of the TV station that can only be broadcasted by the TV can be changed after watching the audio-visual habits that are being watched, and then the sales pattern of the video tape is released after the television broadcast is completed
(So in the animation, the protagonist often records the program, come back and watch it).
The change of the times, the animation industry finally found that the mass awareness and publicity effect of the direct release of the video tape is not as good as the animation works broadcast on the TV. Therefore, the famous OVA works mostly launch the TV animation series to drive the popularity of the whole work
In recent years, the era of DVDs and TVs have once again become the darling of the media. Practitioners have turned to the direct production of TV series and released DVDs and related CDs. When the popularity is high, they will make a theatrical version or supplement the OVA with OVA. Story
The best thing to do is to show off the old thief, and the groundbreaking theatrical version complements the animated version
(When is the new EVA coming out?!?).
呸!
After the last episode of sales in Japan, only the overseas dubbing/subtitle version was sold. Due to the influence of Pokemon in the world, the market outside Japan is gradually attracting attention from the Japanese industry. The attitude of overseas markets has changed. Not only has it actively pursued foreign animation production cases, but it has also gradually changed the animation content to meet foreign demand
However, due to the long-standing neglect of the potential of overseas markets (the content is completely produced for the Japanese market) and the maturity of national copyright laws (the pirate version is rampant), the Japanese industry does not have a considerable degree of legal protection and does not understand the countries. Under the national conditions, I dare not have the financial resources to invest in overseas copyright and animation production
Animated to the end of the entire animation production plan after the sale of the DVD. I hope that after reading it, you can understand the hard work of the animators
However, when they make a completely unattractive animation, the trick is still embarrassing
Finally, please support genuine!